Bisoprolol is used for:

Treating high blood pressure. It may be used alone or with other medicines. It may also be used for other conditions as determined by your doctor.

Bisoprolol is a beta-blocker. It works by interfering with certain body chemicals, which cause the heart to beat with less force and pump out less blood. This allows the heart to beat more slowly and regularly. By blocking these chemicals, blood vessels are relaxed and widened allowing blood pressure to decrease.

Do NOT use Bisoprolol if:

• you are allergic to any ingredient in Bisoprolol
• you are presently taking mibefradil or cocaine
• you have a very slow heartbeat, heart block, very low blood pressure, or uncontrolled heart failure
• you are currently taking mibefradil

Contact your doctor or health care provider right away if any of these apply to you.

Before using Bisoprolol :

Some medical conditions may interact with Bisoprolol. Tell your doctor or pharmacist if you have any medical conditions, especially if any of the following apply to you:

• if you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or are breast-feeding
• if you are taking any prescription or nonprescription medicine, herbal preparation, or dietary supplement
• if you have allergies to medicines, foods, or other substances
• if you have or have ever had an adrenal gland tumor; severe allergic reaction; asthma; chronic bronchitis; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, emphysema, or other lung disease; congestive heart failure; narrowing of blood vessels of the legs, arms, stomach, or kidneys; or an unusually slow heartbeat; diabetes; kidney problems; or overactive thyroid

Some MEDICINES MAY INTERACT with Bisoprolol. Tell your health care provider if you are taking any other medicines, especially any of the following:

• Bupivacaine, catecholamine-depleting agents (eg, reserpine, guanethidine), certain antiarrhythmics (eg, disopyramide, flecainide), certain calcium channel blockers (eg, diltiazem, verapamil, mibefradil), cimetidine, ketanserin, or mefloquine, because potentially life-threatening side effects on the heart may occur, including very slow heart rate, abnormal heartbeat, lightheadedness especially upon standing, difficulty breathing especially when lying down, loss of function in the heart and lungs, swelling of ankles
• Clonidine because excessive increases in blood pressure may occur, especially upon stopping clonidine
• Insulin because it may make the low blood sugar last longer and the symptoms of low blood sugar, such as a rapid heartbeat, may be masked by Bisoprolol

This may not be a complete list of all interactions that may occur. Ask your health care provider if Bisoprolol may interact with other medicines that you take. Check with your health care provider before you start, stop, or change the dose of any medicine.

How to use Bisoprolol :

Use Bisoprolol as directed by your doctor. Check the label on the medicine for exact dosing instructions.

• Take Bisoprolol by mouth with or without food.
• Taking Bisoprolol at the same time each day will help you remember to take it.
• Continue to take Bisoprolol even if you feel well. Do not miss any doses.
• If you miss a dose of Bisoprolol , take it as soon as possible. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule. Do not take 2 doses at once.

Ask your health care provider any questions you may have about how to use Bisoprolol.

Important safety information:

• Bisoprolol may cause drowsiness, dizziness, or lightheadedness. These effects may be worse if you take it with alcohol or certain medicines. Use Bisoprolol with caution. Do not drive or perform other possibly unsafe tasks until you know how you react to it.
• Bisoprolol may cause dizziness, lightheadedness, or fainting; alcohol, hot weather, exercise, or fever may increase these effects. To prevent them, sit up or stand slowly, especially in the morning. Sit or lie down at the first sign of any of these effects.
• Patients who take medicine for high blood pressure often feel tired or run down for a few weeks after starting treatment. Be sure to take your medicine even if you may not feel "normal." Tell your doctor if you develop any new symptoms.
• Diabetes patients-Bisoprolol may hide signs of low blood sugar, such as a rapid heartbeat. Be sure to watch for other signs of low blood sugar. Low blood sugar may make you anxious, sweaty, weak, dizzy, drowsy, or faint. It may also make your vision change; give you a headache, chills, or tremors; or make you more hungry. Check blood sugar levels closely. Ask your doctor before you change the dose of your diabetes medicine.
• Tell your doctor or dentist that you take Bisoprolol before you receive any medical or dental care, emergency care, or surgery.
• Do not stop taking Bisoprolol without talking to your doctor first. If you stop taking Bisoprolol suddenly, you may have WITHDRAWAL symptoms. These may include chest pain, heart attack, and fast or irregular heartbeat.
• Lab tests, including blood pressure measurements, may be performed while you use Bisoprolol. These tests may be used to monitor your condition or check for side effects. Be sure to keep all doctor and lab appointments.
• Use Bisoprolol with caution in the ELDERLY; they may be more sensitive to its effects, especially mental problems.
• Bisoprolol should not be used in CHILDREN; safety and effectiveness in children have not been confirmed.
• PREGNANCY and BREAST-FEEDING: It is not known if Bisoprolol can cause harm to the fetus. If you become pregnant, contact your doctor. You will need to discuss the benefits and risks of using Bisoprolol while you are pregnant. It is not known if Bisoprolol is found in breast milk. If you are or will be breast-feeding while you use Bisoprolol , check with your doctor. Discuss any possible risks to your baby.

Possible side effects of Bisoprolol :

All medicines may cause side effects, but many people have no, or minor, side effects. Check with your doctor if any of these most COMMON side effects persist or become bothersome:

Diarrhea; dizziness; drowsiness; fatigue; headache; lightheadedness; nausea; sleeplessness; unusual tiredness; weakness.

Seek medical attention right away if any of these SEVERE side effects occur:

Severe allergic reactions (rash; hives; itching, difficulty breathing; tightness in the chest; swelling of the mouth, face, lips, or tongue); chest pain; difficulty breathing; lightheadedness or dizziness when rising from a lying or sitting position; very slow heartbeat.

What is the shelf life of the pills?

• The expiry date is mentioned on each blister. It is different for different batches. The shelf life is 2 years from the date of manufacture and would differ from batch to batch depending on when they were manufactured.

Other Useful Information:

Radiation: 1. Rays of energy. Gamma rays and X-rays are two of the types of energy waves often used in medicine. 2. The use of energy waves to diagnose or treat disease.

Replantation: 1. Literally, the act of planting again. 2. In surgery, the restoration of any part of the body to its original site. Also known as reimplantation.

The Chinese surgeon Zhong Wei Chen (1929-2004) was the "father of replantation." Dr. Chen was the first to reattach a severed hand with success which he did in 1963. Dr. Chen also developed many microsurgical procedures including techniques for preserving severed extremities, reattaching amputated fingers and thumbs, reconstructing muscles and repairing nerves and blood vessels.

Rheumatism: Rheumatism is an older term, used to describe any of a number of painful conditions of muscles, tendons, joints, and bones.

Rheumatism conditions have been classified as either localized, regional, or generalized. Localized rheumatism conditions include bursitis and tendinitis. Regional rheumatism conditions include chest wall pain, temporomandibular joint pain, and myofascial pain syndromes. Generalized rheumatism conditions include fibromyalgia.

Another category of rheumatism is psychogenic rheumatism. With this term it is understood that the patient is reporting inconsistent pains of muscles and joints that do not correspond to true anatomy and physiology. The patient is felt to have underlying psychological causes for the symptoms.

Rheumatology: A subspecialty of internal medicine that involves the non-surgical evaluation and treatment of the rheumatic diseases and conditions. Rheumatic diseases and conditions are characterized by symptoms involving the musculoskeletal system. Many of the rheumatic diseases and conditions feature immune system abnormalities. Therefore, rheumatology also involves the study of the immune system. Classical rheumatology training includes 4 years of medical school, 1 year of internship in internal medicine, 2 years of internal medicine residency, and 2 years of rheumatology fellowship. There is a subspecialty board for rheumatology certification. The American College of Rheumatology is the official organization acting on behalf of the field of rheumatology in the United States.

T cell: A type of white blood cell that is of key importance to the immune system and is at the core of adaptive immunity, the system that tailors the body's immune response to specific pathogens. The T cells are like soldiers who search out and destroy the targeted invaders.

Immature T cells (termed T-stem cells) migrate to the thymus gland in the neck, where they mature and differentiate into various types of mature T cells and become active in the immune system in response to a hormone called thymosin and other factors. T-cells that are potentially activated against the body's own tissues are normally killed or changed ("down-regulated") during this maturational process.

There are several different types of mature T cells. Not all of their functions are known. T cells can produce substances called cytokines such as the interleukins which further stimulate the immune response. T-cell activation is measured as a way to assess the health of patients with HIV/AIDS and less frequently in other disorders.

T cell are also known as T lymphocytes. The "T" stands for "thymus" -- the organ in which these cells mature. As opposed to B cells which mature in the bone marrow.

Teleology: The study of the ultimate purpose of the design of something in nature.

For example, "what is the true purpose of the nose?" is a teleological question and, to say that all evolutionary changes occur for a definite purpose is a teleological explanation of evolution.

"Teleology" comes from ancient Greek roots but it (and teleological) did not enter English until the 18th century. It is a compound of the Greek "tele-, telos," meaning "end or purpose" + the ending "logos" meaning "the science or study of" = the study of the ends or purposes.

Testosterone: A "male hormone" -- a sex hormone produced by the testes that encourages the development of male sexual characteristics, stimulates the activity of the male secondary sex characteristics, and prevents changes in them following castration. Chemically, testosterone is 17-beta-hydroxy-4-androstene-3-one.

Testosterone is the most potent of the naturally occurring androgens. The androgens cause the development of male sex characteristics, such as a deep voice and a beard; they also strengthen muscle tone and bone mass.

High levels of testosterone appear to promote good health in men, for example, lowering the risks of high blood pressure and heart attack. High testosterone levels also correlate with risky behavior, however, including increased aggressiveness and smoking, which may cancel out these health benefits.

Testosterone may be given to treat medical conditions, including female (but not male) breast cancer, hypogonadism (low gonadal function) in the male, cryptorchism (nondescent of the testis into the scrotum), and menorrhagia (irregular periods).